Solar modules are very special products. Compared to other high-tech products, their design is not excessively complicated, and it is not for nothing that they are commodity products, which are ...

The latest irradiance sensor solution from Japan-based EKO Instruments provides continuous measurements in the field. Well-suited for bifacial PV systems, it supports the measurement of global ...

The PV Review, 2025: this year has seen many papers and reports on solar PV modules reliability and performance issues.

System-in-package (SiP) and other advanced packaging technologies are putting more components together in tighter spaces than previously seen. Often these packages are contained in a module, which is ...

The reliable performance of PV modules is heavily influenced by the climate conditions in deserts, which include factors such as irradiance, temperature, humidity and dust soiling. Image: DEWA R&D. A ...

Even a small array consisting of 100 elements has thousands of individual components that require perhaps 25,000 measurements per module for an eye-watering grand total of 2.5 million. Barry Manz ...

Far-field and radiating near-field are two options for high-volume over-the-air (OTA) testing of antenna-in-package (AiP) modules with automated test equipment (ATE) [1]. In this article, we define an ...

Integration and testing of Cygnus spacecraft service modules continues at our Dulles, VA Satellite Manufacturing Facility (SMF). The service module on the left in the photo below will be used for the ...