Examples include ecosystems, neural networks, and social structures, where collective interactions lead to emergent phenomena and self-organization. Understanding complex systems involves studying ...

Analysing human societies as complex systems can provide an insight into historical processes and the strengths and weaknesses of capitalism. Analysing human societies as complex systems can provide ...

Philanthropy, especially in the United States and Europe, is increasingly espousing the idea that transformative shifts in social care, education, and health systems are needed. Yet successful ...

Ragnar van der Merwe received funding from the John Templeton Foundation as part of the project The Evolution of Complexity hosted at Bath University. Alex Broadbent received funding from the John ...